Nos Estados Unidos, há dois testes de colisão. O oficial é feito pela National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), divisão do governo responsável pela segurança viária. Mas há um segundo, da ONG Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), que faz um teste diferente chamado "small overlap", batendo apenas uma pequena parte da frente do veículo. Esse crash-test tem mostrado muitas falhas de segurança dos carros, como foi o caso com o novo Jeep Wrangler, que capotou após a colisão.
A IIHS reduziu a nota do Wrangler para "marginal" pois o capotamento após a colisão pode levar a "ferimentos adicionais além do que estão nos critérios que queremos medir", segundo o comunicado da ONG. "Um carro capotar não é um resultado aceitável", diz a IIHS. O Wrangler, ainda assim, protegeu o motorista, controlando seus movimentos durante o teste.
Mais testes de colisão
O instituto ainda diz que o capotamento leva a mais alguns perigos, principalmente para um veículo como o Wrangler que tem teto e portas removíveis. Isso aumenta as chances de um passageiro ser arremessado para fora do carro. Poder remover o teto também significa que o Wrangler não tem airbags laterais.
Galeria: Jeep Wrangler JL - Teste de colisão
A IIHS permite que as fabricantes testem novamente alguns veículos que receberam um avaliação "Boa", que foi o caso do Jeep. Porém, a IIHS audita estes testes e escolheu o Wrangler. Com o resultado, a Fiat-Chrysler questionou o que aconteceu, perguntando se não foi um problema causado pela forma como os engenheiros da ONG prepararam o carro no sistema de propulsão. A organização concordou em fazer um novo teste, usando um método diferente, mas o resultado foi o mesmo. Já o crash-test da FCA não levou ao capotamento do Wrangler.
É um resultado bem infeliz para o Jeep. Ele recebeu uma nota "Boa" no teste de colisão frontal no estilo convencional, batida lateral, força do teto e dos apoios de cabeça. No entanto, também foi mal nos testes de faróis. A colisão de "small overlap" tenta recriar um dos acidentes mais mortíferos que acontecem no dia-a-dia, e o carro capotar após o impacto não ajuda em sua segurança.
Jeep Wrangler tips over during IIHS crash test
The 2019-20 Jeep Wrangler 4-door earns a marginal rating in the driver-side small overlap front crash test because it tipped over onto its passenger side after striking the barrier.
The midsize SUV, which was redesigned in 2018, was evaluated in three separate driver-side small overlap crash tests, one by Fiat Chrysler as part of the Institute's verification test program and two at the Institute's Vehicle Research Center. In both tests conducted by IIHS, the Wrangler rolled onto its passenger side after striking the test barrier.
The Wrangler performed well by the normal metrics used to evaluate performance in the driver-side small overlap test. The driver's space was maintained well, and the dummy's movement was well-controlled. However, the partial rollover presents an additional injury risk beyond what the standard criteria are intended to measure. A vehicle tipping onto its side is not an acceptable outcome for a frontal crash, and as a result, the Wrangler's overall rating was downgraded to marginal.
Rollovers — even partial ones like those that occurred in the Wrangler tests — are especially dangerous crashes, in part due to the risk of complete or partial ejection. This is a particular concern in the Wrangler, which has a roof and doors that can be removed. The Wrangler also lacks side curtain airbags designed to deploy in a rollover to keep occupants inside. It is not required by regulation to have side curtain airbags because of its removable roof.
The redesigned Wrangler was eligible for a driver-side small overlap rating based on manufacturer testing because the model's previous generation earned a good rating in the test. Under the verification program, IIHS assigns a rating based on video of the manufacturer test and other documentation.
In the test that Fiat Chrysler submitted, the Wrangler did not tip over.
IIHS conducts audit tests of some vehicles in the verification program to ensure the integrity of the program. The Wrangler was selected for one of these audit tests.
After the vehicle tipped over in the audit test, Fiat Chrysler questioned whether this outcome was related to the method that IIHS engineers had used to attach the vehicle to the crash propulsion system. IIHS agreed to conduct a second test using a different method, which was approved by Fiat Chrysler. The second test also ended with the vehicle tipping on its side.
The Wrangler earns good ratings in the moderate overlap front, side, roof and head restraint evaluations.
The Wrangler is available with an optional vehicle-to-vehicle front crash prevention system that earns a superior rating. In Institute track tests, it avoided collisions at 12 and 25 mph. It is not available with a pedestrian front crash prevention system.
The SUV earns poor ratings for both its base halogen headlights and premium LED projector headlights.